Minimal Change Nephropathy is also known as Lipoid Nephrosis. It is a disease of the kidney that causes Nephrotic Syndrome and usually affects children (peak incidence at 2–3 years of age). It is a type of kidney disease where the kidneys leak protein.
Minimal Change Disease is most common in very young children but also can occur in older children and adults. It is by far the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) in children under 10 years old, accounting for the majority (about 90%) of these diagnoses. Among teenagers who develop NS, it is caused by minimal change disease about half the time. It can also occur in adults but accounts for less than 20% of adults diagnosed with NS. Among children less than 10 years old, boys seem to be more likely to develop Minimal Change Disease than girls.
People with 1 or more autoimmune disorders are at increased risk of developing Minimal Change Disease. Having Minimal Change Disease also increases the chances of developing other autoimmune disorders. So from the above-mentioned information we can conclude that the Minimal Change Nephropathy does have an obvious negative impact on little children. So what causes Minimal Change Nephropathy?
It is called minimal change because the kidney looks normal under the microscope. When blood flow through the kidneys, it is filtered to produce urine. The membrane that performs the filtration process is a very delicate structure. A slight abnormality in the structure can cause protein molecules that are normally too large to get through to appear in the urine. Although the membrane looks normal under the microscope, there may be a slight change in the electrical charge that causes this protein leakage. Many patients with minimal change nephropathy have mild allergic conditions such as eczema, but it has not been possible to show that minimal change itself is an allergy.
The pathogenesis of minimal change nephropathy is still unknown, and this disease is characterized by loss of negative charge on glomerular capillary wall, and it also can be developed during kidney transplant. So it supports the idea that the humoral factor which consumes negative charge of glomerulus may exist in the circulating blood, the humoral factor effects electrostatic barrier of glomerulus and then leads to selective proteinuria.
In general, the causes of Minimal Change Nephropathy are complicated. And patients shall pay more attention on nursing, although prognosis of Minimal Change Nephropathy is favorable, the poor therapy or irresponsible care will affect children’ development and aggravate the disease.
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