How Does Western Medicine Treat IgA Nephropathy?

It is true that the curative effect of Western medicine is quick. In the treatment of IgA kidney disease, many patients are eager to get recovery recovered and receive Western medicine treatment.
So, how does Western medicine treat IgA nephropathy? At present, the main measures used to treat IgA kidney disease by Western medicine are as follows:
I General treatment
For the gross hematuria patients who have had upper respiratory tract infection, they should be treated by with effective antibiotic. For the IgA nephropathy patients with high blood pressure, we should take active measures to control the high blood pressure to lest hemodynamics abnormality and vascular impairment which can aggravate the nephritis’ conditions. For those patients who suffer from repeated gross hematuria, tonsil resection operation can be considered. Some reports point out that 40% of IgA hematuria patients can remit after having their tonsils focus resected.
II Regulate immune response
Taking Prednisolone to treat IgA nephritis, there is a 40% remission rate of the disease; combing to use Dipyridamole, Cyclophosphamide and P:dilantin ( 5-6mg/kg per daydaily), the serum IgA level can be lowered; taking Cyclosporine A ( 5mg/kg per daydaily), then the protein level can be lowered.
III Remove the immune complex in the blood circulation
After removing the immune complex in the blood circulation and letting the IgA nephritis patients take bran-free food for 6 months to 4 year, the IgA in the blood can decline dramatically, the condition of urine protein and hematuria can also be improved. The usage of intal for 1.2g per daydaily can reduce the protein level.
IV Reduce the sedimentation of IgA at the mesangial area
Taking Daonil,200mg, 200mg dailyper day, for 4 months, C3, the alexin, increases and urine protein level decreases. The usage of icosapeptide pentanoate and fish oil for 1.6g daily per day can delay the deteriorations of renal functions offunctions of IgA nephropathy patients.
In the first two measures, clinical data show that treating patients only by with Western medicine can improve the conditions of protein, occult and blood pressure. However, it can only temporarily inhibit other complications, and when the patients come across colds, infections and other unfavorable factors, many other symptoms of the disease will appear again.
Among the 110 IgA nephrit patients who are receiving treatments in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital, most of them are treated in with the above-mentioned traditional therapies at the early stage of the disease, but the repeated relapses trouble them. Yet, in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital, after receiving combing treatment of Chinese and Western medicine with Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy, the tracking statistics show that 98% patients gain favorable curative effects and the illness usually don’t recur. The most important is that the Micro-Chinese osmotherapy can effect a fundamental and permanent cure. It can not only clear away the immune complex at the glomerular basement membrane, but also, at the same time, restore the damaged organization of kidney and renew the function of kidney.

New Treatment Method for Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome

At present, many children are suffering from Nephrotic Syndrome. Due to they are a special group, we need to pay much attention when choosing the treatment for them. The common problems worrying the parents are that: long-term oral medicine causing body change or short stature in the children; taking medicine for a long period, protein in urine is still there; the disease is controlled, but after a period, it comes again.

New Treatment Method for Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome

Why the commonly used medicines lead to side effects to the children and why Nephrotic Syndrome is easy to relapse?
In Western medicine treatment method, hormone and immunosuppression are commonly used to treat Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome. This treatment method has obvious therapeutic effect at the very beginning, especially, they can make patients relieve from clinical symptoms, like protein leakage and edema. While this therapy will inevitably cause side effects and influence the growth and development of intelligence and body of the children, because it will restrain the abnormal immune response as well as the normal immume response. Besides, the disease is easy to relapse when stop to use the medicine or reduce the dosage, as well as there is cold or infection.
The root cause of Nephrotic Syndrome is the damage to renal intrinsic cells (eithelial cells), thus losing their function of charge barrier, then protein will leak from blood to urine and there will be less protein in the blood; besides protein can help the blood soak up water from tissues, when not enough protein is left in the blood to soak up the water, the water then moves from the blood into body tissues, producing edema. Therefore, the key point to treat the disease is to repair the renal intrinsic cells (epithelial cells) and recover their function.
While, are there some treatment methods that can treat Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome from the root so as to reduce the pain of the children?
There are new methods for the Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome: Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and Stem Cell Transplant aim to repair and recover the function of the renal intrinsic cells, thus achieving the purpose of treating Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome fundamentally.
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy refers to that first, we make the effective Chinese medicine for kidney disease superfinely shattered, then the micronized Chinese medicine is permeated into kidney lesions through the skin on the back via kidney area with the help of effective penetrant and osmosis devices. Micro-Chinese Medicine can block the further damage to kidneys, repair the damaged but reversible kidney units, and rebuild the normal kidney structure. When receiving the treatment, it is just like the feeling of doing massage. It takes only 45 minutes every time. It is used externally after being refined so as to avoid the side effects of oral medicines and has a quick effect. After several days, symptoms like protein in urine, edema etc all can be relieved and controlled gradually.

How to Treat Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome?

Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome refers to a kind of Nephrotic Syndrome that can not remit by the full doses of hormones treatment lasting for more than 8~12 weeks. A long-term suffering of Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome can induce serious infections, Acute Renal Failure, Thromboembolism Syndrome and other fatal complications, and this disease will finally develop into Chronic Kidney Failure, thus threatening the patients' life.
 Then, how should we to treat Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome?

When treating Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome, some influencing factors should be excluded first. And when the influencing factors are excluded, patients with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome will become sensitive to hormones, or remit spontaneously. For example, if the using of hormones and cytotoxic drugs is non-standard, then it should be corrected. If Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome is caused by infections and other influencing factors, then many patients with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome can be cured by such methods as removing the causes of the disease, eliminating the inflammatory focus and correcting the clotting mechanism. For example, there once were two patients with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome who are of this kind: one case is by the treatment of large doses of prednisone for three months, there is no curative effect. And after doing an inspection, it is found that the patient has periodontal abscess. Therefore, when the ill teeth were removed, the patient with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome remitted rapidly. The other case is that there is no curative effect either by the implosive therapy of large doses of hormones and cyclophosphamide for six months, but by a systemic body examination, the patient with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome was suspected of being allergic to decoration materials. Therefore, when the patient moved out of the new house, his condition remitted spontaneously.

As the influencing factors are excluded, the following treatments can be taken into consideration:

1. Changing cytotoxic drugs into mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide for treating Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome.

2. Adopting methylprednisolone implosive therapy for treating Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome.

It is acknowledged that even the aforementioned treatments are adopted, not all patients with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome can be treated effectively. There is still no curative effect in treating Nephrotic Syndrome of some of the pathological types(such as Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis).

As there is no curative effect, the aforementioned treatments should be stopped(the dose of hormone should be reduced gradually under the guidance of a doctor, and it can not be stopped suddenly when large doses of hormones are adpted.), so as to avoid serious drug side effects.

When the medicines are stopped to use, supporting treatment and symptomatic treatment should be strengthen, and traditional Chinese Medicine can be adopted.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy in our hospital can treat Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome effectively.

And more information about Nephrotic Syndrome

Case of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome

atient: Zhang Yue, Girl, Three and ten months, Mi Yun County, Beijing.

Treatment history:

On the the middle ten days of August, 2007, the baby suddenly appeared edema in the eyelids without any reasons. For the baby didn’t have any other symptoms, so the parents just ignored it. And a few days later, the edema just faded away by itself.

At the beginning of September, 2007, the baby had obvious edema in the eyelids, faces and the lower limbs. So her parents took her to hospital to have an examination. Urinalysis showed her urine protein is ++++. Biochemistry showed hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipemia. Chest radiograph showed pleural effusion. And the baby also had a cough.

Diagnosis: Primary Nephrotic Syndrome, Myocardial damage and Pneumonia.

She was given some symptomatic treatment and oral hormone. Ten days later, edema and pathological changes of the lungs faded away. And the urine protein became negative when she discharged from the hospital.

11 October, 2010, the reexamination in the Children's Hospital showed the urine protein was +. And according to the doctor, she reduced the intake of the hormone.

30 October, 2010, urine protein was +++, and edema recurred.

31 October, 2010, the parents took Zhang Yue to Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital to have a further treatment.

The records in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital:

Admission complaints: Recurring edema in the eyelids and the body, Urine protein for two months, and a relapse of the disease.

Admission date: October， 2007 ---5 December, 2007

The physical sign and condition when admission: moon-shaped face, slight edema in the eyelids, pitting edema in the lower limbs, obvious distention of the belly, the urine protein+++, occult blood+/—, Urine Protein Quantitation in 24 hours 4.6g/24h, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipemia, high coagulation and viscosity of the blood, and white blood cell increasing.

Diagnosis in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital: Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in the stage of inflammatory reaction of the Renal fibrosis.

Treatment: when she was admitted into Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital, she was given Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and western medicines for 35 days to achieve the purpose of dilatation, diuresis, apocatastasis, anticoagulation and antithrombus. On the fifth day, the baby got better with the fading edema. When she was discharged from the hospital, her edema completely disappeared. Mental state was good. Urine Protein Quantitation in 24 hours was 0.3g/24h，total protein was 37.32g/l. White blood cells was 32.34g/l. Hypoproteinemia, hyperlipemia, high coagulation and viscosity of the blood were all got different improvement.

Expert comments: Nephrotic Syndrome is a most seen Childhood Nephropathy. For the treatment, the western medicines often use hormones. The advantage is they can eliminate the large amount of urine protein and edema. The disadvantage is the disease is easy to recur and some side effects may happen. Just like this case, the effect is very good and also quick when the baby girl uses western medicines, but in two months the disease recurs for several times. Every recurrence will accelerate the disease condition and bring difficulty for the following treatment.

This patient was in the inflammatory reaction stage of the kidney fibrosis, in which stage Micro-Chinese Medicine can exert great function. The Micro-Chinese Medicine can control the proceeding of the pathological damages, fibrosis process and the scarring rate of progress. Starting from the disease root, the medicines can repair the damaged kidney functions, gradually improve the kidney functions and effectively eliminate the symptoms of urine protein and edema. The advantages of the Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy are: for one hand, the medicines are applied to the patients by Osmotherapy, which is by the way of external application, not for oral use, so there will not appear the situation that the children refuse to take medicines and also it can avoid some side effects. For the other hand, it starts from the disease root, and gradually repair the damaged kidney units, so the disease is not easy to recur.

Using Micro-Chinese Medicine to Treat Nephrotic Syndrome

Many patients would like to ask whether Nephrotic Syndrome can be cured. Here we will see how Micro-Chinese medicine treat Nephrotic Syndrome. This therapy is based on traditional Chinese medicine and can make the medicine effect quickly with modern Chinese medicine technology.
Let’s see the advantages of micro-Chinese medicine in treating Nephrotic Syndrome.
1. The concentration of medicine activity has been obviously enhanced. The same amount of medicine has been micronized into nanoscale medicine with strong ultrasonic cavitation technology. The concentration has been increased over 3～4 times. The original molecular structure of the Chinese medicine has been changed and the original physiochemical performance has been strengthened and release highly effective medicine ingredients. At the same time, the original bioactivity of the Chinese medicine has been greatly increased and the efficacy has been given full play.
2. The permeability of the medicine has been significantly enhanced. The fibrous membrane outside the kidneys is composed of dense connective tissue and a little amount of elastic fibers. It has the function of protecting the renal parenchyma. The key problem of traditional medication method is that the medicine cannot break the barrier and much effective medicine has blocked outside this barrier. Micro-Chinese medicine Osmotherapy has taken advantage of the activity of micro particles, it brings the micro-Chinese medicine directly to the kidneys through the skin with the action of the waves and pulse current of the osmoscope. It has improved the medicine supply and efficacy thousands of times and achieved the effect of fast cure and no future trouble. This process needs only two hours.
3. Targeting effect. With the action of osmoscope, micro-Chinese medicine can quickly go through the ‘barrier ‘ and selectively link with the cells. When it is dissolved in the cells, it will release high effective Chinese medicine ingredients and finish the attack to the lesions. It can thoroughly crush and split the immune complex and the damaged tissues such as hyperplastic mesangial cells, matrix and the sclerosed glomeruli. At last it will break them into pieces and expel them out of body through phagocytose or metabolism. This course is slowly and takes generally 3～4 days.
4. The appetency to the lesions. The broken molecular chain of the micronized Chinese medicine has strong coalescence tendency with glomerular basement membrane. The broken molecular chain with positive charge will link with the molecular valence bond of the damaged cells, which promotes the synthetization of the heparan sulfate and the silaoprotein on the basement membrane and restrain its decomposition thus maintaining the barrier function of the negative charge of the basement membrane. Thereby, the protein leakage will be reduced and the discharge of toxins will be increased. It not only repair the basement mechanical barrier and electrical barrier, but also recover the selective filtration function. The average clinical time is about 20 hours.
5. Increase hemoperfusion and blood flow of microcirculation. When entering through the collateral channels in the renal area, the waves and the pulse current increase the local heat significantly, so the speed of blood flow increases, renal arteries are expanded and effective glomerular perfusion increases thus improving the symptoms of high glomerular perfusion, high inside pressure and high filtration, promoting the metabolism, perfecting the repair and speeding up the recovery.
6. Good effect on absorption and reabsorption. After the full combination of the Chinese medicine particles and the lesions, the effective ingredients of the medicine is primarily absorbed, blood flow of renal microcirculation and metabolism is sped up, the medicine consumption is lowered and the medicine effect is given full play. Thereby, the purpose of cure is truly achieved. This process is also slow and can also be called stage of ‘generation change’. The clinical time is about 4—5 days and there are changes every day.

Protein Intake of Nephrotic Syndrome

Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome will lose a great amount of protein through urine. If they don’t supplement enough protein in time, it will cause severe deficiency of protein of the body. Protein is the essential substance to sustain our lives, so if the protein is deficient, it will cause edema, or any other diseases which may even threaten the people’s life. Some rumors say that the kidney disease patients should not eat meat, eggs, alepidote fish etc, it is not scientific. We should formulate the diet depending on the actual condition. For patients with Nephrotic Syndrome, they should have more protein, especially some high-quality protein, such as milk, chicken, lean meat, fish etc. However, they can’t take protein without restrictions. Too much protein will burden the kidneys and aggravate the renal damage.
Then how much protein intake is proper for the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome? We can answer this question from two aspects:
From one hand, if the patient’s renal function is normal, the intake amount of the protein is 1g/d every one kg weight and plus the amount protein lost in the urine.
From the other hand, if the patient has azotemia, (the urea nitrogen and serum creatinine is higher than the normal), they should properly limit the intake of protein. Generally the intake of protein should be better about 40g daily. The kidney disease patients should choose high-quality protein food. An egg contains about 6g protein, a bowl of milk (about 200ml) may contain 6g protein, 50g lean meat contains about 8g protein, and chicken contains more protein than lean meat but less than fish. Therefore, we can estimate the amount of the daily intake of protein for the patients.
We need a certain amount heat to sustain our lives. For those patients with azotemia, who should limit the intake of protein, should have enough carbohydrate, like cane sugar or glucose, vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin.
If the patients have edema, they should also limit the intake of salt. The general intake amount should be less than 3 g daily.

Chinese Medicated Diet

The Chinese have a traditional belief in the medicinal value of food, as they believe that food and medicine share the same origin. This view could be considered a forerunner of nutritional science in China.
Chinese medicated diet is not a simple combination of food and Chinese herb, but a special highly finished diet made from Chinese herbs, food and condiments under the theoretical guidance of diet preparation based on differentiation of symptoms and signs of traditional Chinese medicine.
Chinese medicated diet has a long history. The ancient legend "Shennong Tastes a Hundred Grasses "shows that early in remote antiquity the Chinese nation began to explore the function of food and medicaments, hence the saying "Traditional Chinese medicine and diet both originate from the practice and experience in daily life."
In Shennong's Herbal Classic, which was published approximately in about the Qin and Han Periods and is the extant earliest monograph on materia medica, many sorts of medicaments which are both drugs and food were recorded, such as Chinese-date (Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae),sesame seed (Semen Sesami), Chinese yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), grape (Vitis), walnut kernel (Semen Fuglandis), lily bulb (Bulbus Lilii) , fresh ginger (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), Job's-tears seed (Semen Coicis), etc. in the East Han dynasty, some noted medicated diet recipes were recorded, such as Soup of Chinese Angelica root, Fresh ginger and Mutton (Danggui Shengjiang Yangrou Tang ), Decoction of Pig-skin (Zhufu Tang), etc., all of which now still have important values. Sun simiao, a well-known doctor in the Tang Dynasty, listed and discussed such questions as dietetic treatment, dietetic treatment for senile health care and health preservation.
According to history books, up to the period of the Sui and Tang Dynasties about more than sixty kinds of books on dietetic treatment had been published. But unfortunately most of them are lost. Of all the prescriptions recorded in it, 70% are about medicated diet. It is emphasized in this book that "dietetic therapy should go first for any senile diseases, and then followed by medicine if they are not cured." Hu Sihui, a royal doctor in the Yuan Dynasty, oceans of medicated diet prescriptions and dietetic drugs were recorded; in addition, some questions, such as diet contraindication in pregnancy, diet contraindication for wet nurse, contraindication for drinking, etc. were also discussed in this book. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen collected and recorded many medicated diet prescriptions, dozens of which were about medicated gruel alone, another dozens touched on nothing other than medicated wine. Monographs on medicated diet treatment in the Qing Dynasty varied in characteristics. Over 300 species belonging to 7 phyla of medicated food and drink were introduced.
Medicated diet can be used either to treat diseases or for healthy people to build up their health and prevent diseases. This is one of the characteristics in which medicated diet is different from treatment by medicine. Although medicated diet is something mild, it has a notable effect on the prevention and cure of diseases, health building -up and health preserving. Here are some of the achievements in scientific research of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine College:
Eight-Ingredient Food: It is prepared according to the experience in ancient dietetic treatment and health care of imperial court in the Qing Dynasty from eight dietetic Chinese drugs including Chinese yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), lotus seed (semen Nelumbinis), and hawthorn fruit (Fructus Crataegi). 97% of the children who took it for 30 days have whetted their appetite, and their growth has improved too.
Nourishing Extract of laiyang Pear and mushroom: It is made from the juice of Laiyang Pear (Malum Piri) and extract of mushrooms ( Lentinus Edodes) and tremella (Tremella). If the middle-aged and senile patients suffering from chronic diseases take it, not only can the symptoms of their illness be alleviated, but their blood-fat can be brought down too when they are suffering from hyperlipemia, and their immunology function can be improved.
It has not only the efficiency of medicine but also the delicacy of food, and can be used to prevent and cure diseases, build up one's health and prolong one's life.

How to Prevent Membranous Nephropathy

In order to prevent Membranous Nephropathy, patients should pay attention to the following points in the daily life:
1. In the daily life, patients should have a good rest, avoid tiredness, and prevent infections. Taking low protein diet mainly, and supplementing vitamins is also very important. In addition, patients should also avoid taking medicines which will damage the kidneys.
2. In order to direct the conduct of the treatment, patients should return to visit the doctor every one or two weeks during the period of medicine treatment, so as to observe whether the liver and kidney functions are normal by a urinary routine test; and the growth and development of children with Membranous Nephropathy should be especially paid attention to.
3. After the active lesions have been controlled, and the course of treatment has been completed, patients should do a biopsy once again, so as to observe the pathological changes of the kidney tissues, and estimate whether there is chronic lesion, thus adopting measures timely.
4. Patients should pay attention to protect the remaining kidney functions, correct kinds of factors which decrease the renal blood flow(such as hypoproteinemia, dehydration, hypotension,etc.) and prevent infections. All these measures mentioned above are important links which can not be ignored in preventing Membranous Nephropathy.
Complications of Membranous Nephropathy which can affect the curative effect and the long-term prognosis of patients should be treated actively:
1. Infections
By the treatment of hormone, patients are easy to suffer from infections. Once infections occur, antibiotic which are sensitive to pathogenic bacteria, effective and has no renal toxicity should be adopted for the treatment, and the definite focal infection should be removed as soon as possible.
2. Thrombus and embolism complications
It is generally acknowledged that when the concentration of plasma albumin is below 20 g/L, hypercoagulable state may occur. Then the preventive anticoagulation should be adopted immediately.
3. Acute Kidney Failure
If Nephrotic Syndrome combined with acute Kidney Failure can not be managed properly, the patient's life will be in danger. However, if the situation can be managed properly, most of the patients can recover.


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What causes Minimal Change Nephropathy?

  Minimal Change Nephropathy is also known as Lipoid Nephrosis. It is a disease of the kidney that causes Nephrotic Syndrome and usually affects children (peak incidence at 2–3 years of age). It is a type of kidney disease where the kidneys leak protein.
Minimal Change Disease is most common in very young children but also can occur in older children and adults. It is by far the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) in children under 10 years old, accounting for the majority (about 90%) of these diagnoses. Among teenagers who develop NS, it is caused by minimal change disease about half the time. It can also occur in adults but accounts for less than 20% of adults diagnosed with NS. Among children less than 10 years old, boys seem to be more likely to develop Minimal Change Disease than girls.
People with 1 or more autoimmune disorders are at increased risk of developing Minimal Change Disease. Having Minimal Change Disease also increases the chances of developing other autoimmune disorders. So from the above-mentioned information we can conclude that the Minimal Change Nephropathy does have an obvious negative impact on little children. So what causes Minimal Change Nephropathy?
It is called minimal change because the kidney looks normal under the microscope. When blood flow through the kidneys, it is filtered to produce urine. The membrane that performs the filtration process is a very delicate structure. A slight abnormality in the structure can cause protein molecules that are normally too large to get through to appear in the urine. Although the membrane looks normal under the microscope, there may be a slight change in the electrical charge that causes this protein leakage. Many patients with minimal change nephropathy have mild allergic conditions such as eczema, but it has not been possible to show that minimal change itself is an allergy.
The pathogenesis of minimal change nephropathy is still unknown, and this disease is characterized by loss of negative charge on glomerular capillary wall, and it also can be developed during kidney transplant. So it supports the idea that the humoral factor which consumes negative charge of glomerulus may exist in the circulating blood, the humoral factor effects electrostatic barrier of glomerulus and then leads to selective proteinuria.
In general, the causes of Minimal Change Nephropathy are complicated. And patients shall pay more attention on nursing, although prognosis of Minimal Change Nephropathy is favorable, the poor therapy or irresponsible care will affect children’ development and aggravate the disease.

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The Causes and Proper Diet of Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

  “What should we pay attention to the diet of Diabetic Nephropathy and how it causes?” etc., which are the concerned problems of most of patients, here we will give you a brief introduction that is “What should we pay attention to the diet of Diabetic Nephropathy and how it causes?”

What should we pay attention to the diet of Diabetic Nephropathy?

I Diabetic Nephropathy can cause dysbolism of fat cholesterol, and promote incrassation, sclerosis, degeneration of glomeruli and membrane within kidney blood capillary, making them lose their normal function. The keys to control blood sugar are as following: first, restrain the ingestion of calories strictly, second, insist taking glucose-lowering medicines, in order to avoid excite emotion, infection and other various factors which cause fluctuations of blood sugar.

II the ingestion of salt should be restrained. To protect kidney and reduce its workload, dishes of patients with Diabetes should be as insipid as possible, and the number of salt intake should be less than seven grams, and even the quantity of ingestion of water should be restrained, when kidney disease is serious.

III Restrain the ingestion of potassium and protein appropriately. Because Acidosis and Hyperkalemia are very easy to occur for DN patients, once appearing, the disorder of heart rhythm and hepatic coma will be caused to happen.

IV The ingestion of vitamin and microelement should be sufficient, in particular to vitamin B, vitamin C and Zinc, Calcium, Iron etc., which can protect kidneys.

The recommendation of Diabetic Nephropathy diet:

I Soybean and its products: Besides full of protein, mineral salt, vitamin in this kind of food, there are more unsaturated fatty acid in soya-bean oil, which can not only reduce blood cholesterol, but also decrease blood triglyceride, and the contained sitosterol also has lipid-lowering action.

II Coarse mixed sugar: such as hullessoat flour, soba noodles, hot oatmeal, cornmeal contain multiple microelements, vitamin B and edible fibre. The demonstration is that they have the action of delaying the increase of blood sugar.

III Patients with Diabetes should have fruit as few as possible or not eat it at all. Because fruits contain more carbohydrate, which mainly includes glucose, sugar and starch. The digestive and absorptive speed are fast after meal, leading to the increase of blood sugar rapidly, which is harmful to patients with Diabetes.

IV It is necessary for patients with Diabetes to restrain the purity of cholesterol on your diet. The reason is that when the state of patients with Diabetes is controlled without satisfaction, serum cholesterol rises easily, causing vascular complications of Diabetes and coronary disease etc.

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Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Symptoms

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a clinically common and frequently-occurring diabetic complication, is one of the most severe complications of Diabetes. It is a major microvascular complication of Diabetes and mainly refers to diabetic glomerular sclerosis, a glomerular lesion with vascular damage as its principal feature. Generally, there is no symptom at the early stage, with the blood pressure normal or higher than normal. The incidence will increase with the prolongation course of Diabetes. Renal changes at the early stage of Diabetes include kidney enlargement，rise in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a high GFR state and intermittent proteinuia or micro-albuminuria will gradually occur. Along with the prolongation of the course of DN, there will be continuous proteinuria, edema, high blood pressure and decrease of GFR, followed by renal inadequacy and uremia, which is the main cause of death in Diabetes. Usually Ganoderma Sinense is used to prevent or treat DN.

Symptoms

I Proteinuria. There is no clinical proteinuria at the early stage of DN, and only with radio-immunity method can micro-albunminuria be detected. Clinically, the only manifestation of early-stage DN is proteinuria, which gradually develops from intermittent to continuous.

II Edema. Usually there is no clinical edema at the early stage of DN. Mild edema may occur in a small number of patients before their plasma protein is lowered. Massive proteinuria, with low plasma protein and aggravated edema, is usually a manifestation that the disease has reached an advanced stage.

III Hypertension. Compared with healthy people, incidence rate of hypertension in patients with Type-1 Diabetes but without Nephropathy is not increased, while in patients with Type-2 Diabetes, more are accompanied by hypertension. But when proteinuria occurs, hypertension rate will also increase. Patients with Nephropathy Syndrome will have hypertension, most of which are moderate and only a small part are severe.

IV Renal failure. Progression speed of DN is greatly differentiated. Slight proteinuria may last for many years for some patients with normal renal function, while some patients who have little urine protein may develop rapidly into Nephropathy Syndrome with renal function deteriorating gradually, and Uremia occurs eventually.

V Anemia. Slight anemia may occur in patients with obvious Azotemia.

VI Complication manifestations of other organs. These complications include cardiovascular lesions such as Cardiac Failure and Myocardial Infarction, neural lesions such as peripheral neuropathy, and neurogenic bladder caused by involvement of autonomic nerves. Retinopathy will almost certainly occur when DN becomes severe. However, severe retinopathy is not necessarily accompanied with obvious renal lesions. Retinopathy deterioration is usually quickened with the progression of DN.

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Manifestations of Lupus Nephritis

  Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is a kind of autoimmune disease, which is caused by the generation of a series of autoantibodies duing to the immune disorders. The incidence of this disease is about 0.1%, and the proportion of males and females is 1:8. Almost all the organs in the human body are involved by the lesions of SLE, and the most commonly involved is the kidney. By biopsy, it is found that kidney lesions occur in almost all SLE patients. And when this pathological change occurs in SLE patients, it is called Lupus Nephritis. Then, what are the specific manifestations of Lupus Nephritis?
1. Systemic manifestation
· Intermittent fever
· Malar erythema: as its shape is similar to that of a butterfly, it is also called butterfly erythema.
· Painless oral ulcers
· Swelling and pain occur on the joint.
·Epilepsy or mental disorder occurs.
· Encountering cold, the hands and feet will become pale, and purplish red when they are warm, and finally recover to the normal complexion. This manifestation is also called Raynaud's phenomenon.
2. Renal manifestation
In life, patients with Lupus Nephritis usually show one of the following manifestations:
· Isolated hematuria or proteinuria
· Hematuria or proteinuria with edema, mild lumbago or hypertension, which are similar to the manifestations of Nephritis.
· Large quantities of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and edema, which are similar to the manifestations of Nephrotic Syndrome.
· Hematuria and proteinuria with rapid decline of renal functions, which present as the manifestations of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis.
· Manifestations which are similar to those of Chronic Kidney Failure.
3. Laboratory abnormalities
· The occurrence of Leukopenia(< 4.0 ×10/L), anemia or thrombocytopenia(< 100 ×10/L)
· The erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) is rapid.
·The level of complement C3 is low.
·The antinuclear antibody and autoantibody are positive.
Sometimes, the manifestations of Lupus Nephritis are not typical. Therefore, when only the kidney show abnormal symptoms, Lupus Nephritis is often misdiagnosed as Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome or Chronic Kidney Failure. And as a result, patients will miss the best time for treatment, and Kidney Failure, Heart Failure, Septicemia or other adverse consequences will occur in patients with Lupus Nephritis. Therefore, a early diagnosis and treatment is very necessary.







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What Are the Causes of Purpura Nephritis

  Henoch-Schonlein Purpura is a kind of syndrome characterized by skin purpura, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, arthritis and kidney damages. The basic lesion is systemic necrotizing vasculitis. With kidney damages, it is called Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis, and Purpura Nephritis for short.
Purpura Nephritis can occur at any age, but it is more common in children and teenagers with the age between 5~15. And it is rarely seen in adults who are more than 20 years old. This disease usually occurs in cold seasons.
The cause of Purpura Nephritis is not clear yet, but it has relations with infections and allergic reaction:
1. Before the onset of Purpura Nephritis, about 1/3 of the patients suffer from infections, and the most common is the upper respiratory tract infection. Bacteria infection, virus infection, blood flukes infection or other parasitic infections can also be seen in patients.
2. About 1/4 of the patients have a history of drug allergy. And the commonly seen drugs are antibiotics, sulfonamides, isoniazide, salicylic acid, quinine, etc.
3. Food allergy: fishes, shrimps, crabs, eggs, milk, etc.
4. Other allergies caused by pollen, insect bite or cold stimulation.
The pathogenesis of Purpura Nephritis is not clear yet, but it is believed that the abnormal immune response is the main pathogenesis of this disease. The reason is that before the onset of this disease, patients usually have allergies caused by definite foreign substances. When the disease attacks, the level of IgA in the serum increases in most patients; and after the attack, the deposits of immunoglobulin and complements can be seen in glomeruli and skins. Data indicates that IgA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Purpura Nephritis. As for the exact mechanism of IgA in the onset of this disease is not clear yet, in some people's opinion, it may be antigen, antibody, or non-specific antibody.
In addition, the recent studies show that the onset of Purpura Nephritis have relations with genetic predisposition.


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Can Female Diabetic Nephropathy Patients Be Pregnant?

  This is a huge problem for female patients with Diabetic Nephropathy, that is they want to know whether they can be pregnant or not and what may happened to their bodies and fetuses during gestation period. Here we will analyze the situations for Diabetic Nephropathy patients who want to have a baby:

First of all, female patients with Diabetic Nephropathy under the following situations can not be Pregnant:

I Some Diabetic Nephropathy with symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome may lead to Intrauterine Growth Retardation and premature delivery because of Hypoalbuminema.

II The incidence of Intrauterine Growth Retardation and premature delivery of moderate renal insufficiency patients are high, and pregnant woman may experience progressive exacerbation.

III For female patients with Diabetic Nephropathy, some problems such as Preeclampsia, premature delivery, fetal anomaly, macrosomia and Fetal Respiratory Distress Syndrome etc. are likely to happen. So they had better not conceive.

For the pregnant patients with Diabetic Nephropathy, the following points should also be paid attention to:

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What Are Main Pathogeny of Diabetic Nephropathy

  Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to health. As one of the most common disease, Diabetic Nephropathy threatens our life at every moment. So it is necessary for us to learn something about Diabetic Nephropathy to prevent us from developing this disease.

The following are main pathogeny of Diabetic Nephropathy:

I High protein diet: High protein diet will aggravate Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetic Nephropathy patients shall limit the intake of Carbohydrate strictly, and daily meals should be based on food with high protein and fiber. If we do not follow this, too much protidtemns and phosphorus load will aggravate pathological damages of Diabetic Nephropathy.

  II Effect of high blood pressure: many diabetics suffer from hypertension because of lipid metabolic disturbance, atherosclerosis and other reasons. Most of them have microalbuminuria, which is an indicator that kidneys are damaged.

III High blood sugar: long-term and excessive high blood sugar will lead to increase of capillary permeability and exosmosis of plasma protein, and then cause damage of glomerular capillary basement membrane and shrinking of renal tissues.

According to extent of damage, Diabetic Nephropathy can be classified into 5 stages.

Stage I: this stage is characterized by high glomerular filtration rate and large kidneys’ size. Meanwhile, renal blood flow, glomerular capillary perfusion and glomerular internal pressure will also increase.

Stage II: Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate (UAER) is normal in this stage (<20 μg/min or <30 mg/24h). UAER will increase after exercise and drop to normal range after rest.

Stage III: early stage of Diabetic Nephropathy. This stage is characterized by continued higher level of UAER (20～200 μg/min or 30～300 mg/24h), and high GFR maybe one of reasons of sustained microalbuminuria.

Stage IV: this stage is called clinical Diabetic Nephropathy or overt Diabetic Nephropathy, which is characterized by microalbuminuria, high UAER (UAE>200 μg/min) or sustained high urine protein (>0.5 g).

Stage V: stage of renal failure. Various symptoms and complications of renal failure occur, which are main causes of death.

We will know much about our own body conditions if we understand pathogeny of Diabetic Nephropathy. Meanwhile, Patients with Diabetes should also care about their diet and keep doing physical exercise. Some simple and effective methods are necessary to follow to fight against Diabetic Nephropathy.

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What causes Minimal Change Nephropathy?

Minimal Change Nephropathy is also known as Lipoid Nephrosis. It is a disease of the kidney that causes Nephrotic Syndrome and usually affects children (peak incidence at 2–3 years of age). It is a type of kidney disease where the kidneys leak protein.
Minimal Change Disease is most common in very young children but also can occur in older children and adults. It is by far the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) in children under 10 years old, accounting for the majority (about 90%) of these diagnoses. Among teenagers who develop NS, it is caused by minimal change disease about half the time. It can also occur in adults but accounts for less than 20% of adults diagnosed with NS. Among children less than 10 years old, boys seem to be more likely to develop Minimal Change Disease than girls.


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What Is the Cause of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome?

Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome(Childhood NS) is a common disease with a long course. It is a group of clinical syndrome caused by various causes which will lead to renal fibrosis, and during the course of renal fibrosis, the increase of glomerular capillary permeability leads to the formation of large amounts of proteinuria. The main manifestations of this disease are large amounts of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipoidemia and edema at different degrees. The edema of Childhood NS presents as pitting edema over the legs.

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Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome, also known as pediatric kidney disease, is one of the urinary system diseases and is commonly seen. Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome is common in children whose age is between 3~6 years old. And it is more common in boys than in girls. The pathogenesis of this disease is not clear yet. Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome is easy to relapse and long delay. And the course of this disease is long.
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Nephrotic Syndrome Overview

Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a group of clinical syndrome of Glomerular disease caused by various pathogenies and pathologic types. It is a nonspecific disorder in which the kidneys are damaged, causing them to increase glomerular basement membrane permeability, decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and leak large amounts of protein (proteinuria at least 3.5 grams per day) from the blood into the urine. In general, Nephrotic Syndrome is defined by its primary diseases that attack the kidney's filtering system. It is not a kind of simplex disease. ...

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